All the data and vital information in a relational database, like an SQL database, are stored in the form of tables in the MDF files. The .MDF (Master Database File) extension files are known as primary database files in MS SQL Server. These files have associated .ldf files containing logs for those databases. You can manage the size of these files using autogrow and autoshrink settings.
To access the data inside your MDF files, you need to open/attach them. However, there are multiple scenarios where you need to open these MDF files, such as while restoring the previously detached databases, accessing the databases from another server instance, using sample MDF files, when database gets corrupted, when SQL Server is not installed, and more. When you open or attach the MDF files, the server activates the internal settings that are configured on them to control them.
In this article, we will discuss the methods to open an MDF file with and without SQL Server. We’ll also mention an MDF file viewer tool/MDF recovery tool for SQL Server to quickly preview the objects in the MDF file.
Ways to Open/View MDF File
Here are the methods you can follow to open/view the MDF file with and without SQL Server.
Method 1 - Using SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
You can’t directly open the MDF file using the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS). First, you need to attach it to a running SQL Server instance. Steps to use the SSMS to open/view MDF file are:
- Launch your SSMS and connect to your SQL Server instance.
- Right-click on Databases and click Attach.
- In Attach Databases, click Add.
- The Locate Database Files window is displayed. From this window, add folder path to select the required MDF file.
- Click OK. The selected MDF file with its log file will display under database details section.
- Click OK.
Limitations:
- This method is reliable only if the MDF file is not corrupted.
- If the MDF file you're trying to open does not have a transaction log file or lacks permissions, SSMS may throw errors.
- Opening an MDF file first requires attaching it to a SQL Server.
- If the MDF file fails to match with the server version, it will not open.
Suggested Read: Methods to Attach SQL Database without Transaction Log File.
Method 2 - Using T-SQL Statements
You can even use the T-SQL statements to open or view the MDF file in SQL Server. To do so, type Ctrl+N or simply click on Query option to open the Query Editor.
In Query Editor, run the following command:
CREATE DATABASE [YourDBName]
ON (FILENAME = N'C:\Path\To\YourFile.mdf'),
(FILENAME = N'C:\Path\To\YourLogFile.ldf') -- Include the LDF file path if available
FOR ATTACH;
Limitations:
- It require associated transaction log file.
- MDF file should be compatible with SQL Server version.
- May fail if MDF file is corrupted.
- Can cause errors if query is written incorrectly.
Method 3 - Use Visual Studio Data Tools (Server Explorer)
You can use Visual Studio to create and manage a SQL database. Many SQL developers interact with MDF/NDF files in their projects using SQL Server Data Tools in Visual Studio. To open an MDF file in Visual Studio, your database should be connected. To connect SQL database, you can use Server Explorer or SQL Server Object Explorer. Steps to open MDF file in Visual Studio:
- Launch Visual Studio on your system.
- Next, click SQL Server Object Explorer and then click the toolbar button - Add SQL Server.
- The Connect dialog box appears. Choose from Local, Network, or Azure SQL Server, click on the database, provide required credentials, and then click Connect.
- Next, you can use the Advanced Link to set the other advanced settings in your connection string. For example, to connect to an MDF file-based database, check Advanced and then set the propertyname (see the below image).
- Once you have completed the connection configuration, check the SQL Server Explorer window to see the connected server and database.
- From there, you can browse or open and modify the MDF file.
Limitations:
- It requires the database to be connected to SQL Server Express or another SQL Server installed.
- It requires the associated transaction log file.
- Can result in errors due to unsupported SQL database versions in Visual Studio.
- Visual Studio is for local testing, not for full database management.
Method 4 - View/Preview MDF File using Stellar Repair for MS SQL
You can open your MDF file without SQL Server using Stellar Repair for MS SQL – a professional MDF viewer or recovery tool. This tool lets you open and view MDF files of any size and even if they are corrupted. It scans the MDF file and displays all the objects in a tree-like structure, including deleted objects, in a preview window. This feature helps you verify the data stored in the MDF file. It supports MDF file created in all SQL Server versions. The demo version of the tool allows you to scan and view all the MDF file objects for free. If you want to save the MDF file items in a new database file or other formats, you have to acquire (purchase) the activation key.
When to use Stellar Repair for MS SQL?
Use Stellar Repair when,
Conclusion
In this article, we have explained some easy-to-follow methods to open an MDF file. The SSMS is an ideal way to open the MDF file in a SQL Server environment. Its graphical interface eases the process of opening/attaching the file. If you need a script-based alternative, then use the T-SQL command. To open the SQL database only within development projects, use Visual Studio to connect the database to a local SQL instance. Note that all these methods require a running SQL Server instance. To view an MDF file without SQL Server installation, you can use Stellar Repair for MS SQL.
To open an MDF file, you need to ensure the following:
- Check the MDF file permissions
- The transaction log file and MDF file are in the same directory.
Monika Dadool is a Senior Content Writer at Stellar with over 5 years of experience in technical writing.
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